laxative medication class
Laxatives are commonly used to relieve constipation, but not all work in the same way. They’re grouped into different types based on how they affect the digestive system. Here’s a breakdown of the main types, how they work, and some examples:
1. Bulk-Forming Laxatives
- How They Work: These absorb water, making stool bulkier and softer, which naturally stimulates a bowel movement.
- Examples: Psyllium (Metamucil), Methylcellulose (Citrucel), Polycarbophil.
- Good to Know: Bulk-forming laxatives are among the safest options and can be used long-term, but they work best if you drink plenty of water.
2. Stool Softeners (Emollients)
- How They Work: They allow water and fats to mix with stool, making it softer and easier to pass.
- Examples: Docusate sodium (Colace), Docusate calcium.
- Good to Know: These are often recommended after surgery or childbirth when straining should be avoided.
3. Osmotic Laxatives
- How They Work: These draw water into the intestines, softening stool and helping to trigger a bowel movement.
- Examples: Polyethylene glycol (MiraLAX), Lactulose, Magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia).
- Good to Know: Osmotic laxatives are effective but can cause dehydration or electrolyte imbalances if overused.
4. Stimulant Laxatives
- How They Work: They stimulate the lining of the intestines, which increases muscle contractions and pushes stool along.
- Examples: Bisacodyl (Dulcolax), Senna (Senokot), Castor oil.
- Good to Know: These work quickly but shouldn’t be used long-term due to the risk of dependency and possible cramping.
5. Lubricant Laxatives
- How They Work: Lubricants coat the stool and the intestines, which helps retain moisture in the stool so it can pass more easily.
- Examples: Mineral oil.
- Good to Know: Lubricants aren’t for long-term use since they can interfere with nutrient absorption and may be risky for some people.
6. Saline Laxatives
- How They Work: These contain salts, like magnesium or phosphate, which draw water into the intestines to soften stool and trigger a bowel movement.
- Examples: Magnesium citrate, Sodium phosphate (Fleet enema).
- Good to Know: Often used for bowel prep before procedures; not ideal for people with kidney issues.
7. Prosecretory Agents
- How They Work: These stimulate water and chloride secretion in the intestines, making stool softer and promoting movement.
- Examples: Lubiprostone (Amitiza), Linaclotide (Linzess).
- Good to Know: Prescribed mainly for chronic constipation or irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C).
Each laxative type has specific benefits and possible side effects. Choosing the right one depends on the type of constipation, how long you’ve had it, and any health conditions you might have. Always talk to a healthcare provider if you’re unsure, especially for long-term use.
